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Data Analysis
Introduction
Research Process
Qualitative Analysis
What It Is
Issues of Analysis
Analysis of Textual Data
Example
Suggested Interpretation of Example
Self Test
Suggested Interpretation of Self Test
Analysis of Visual Data
Example
Self Test
Suggested Interpretation of Self Test
Further Reading
Quantitative Analysis
Critical Appraisal
Further Resources
Glossary
  Issues of Analysis

Establishing Trustworthiness
In qualitative research data must be auditable through checking that the interpretations are credible, transferable, dependable and confirmable.

Credibility improved through long engagement with the respondents or triangulation in data collection (internal validity)

Transferability achieved through a thick description of the research process to allow a reader to see if the results can be transferred to a different setting (external validity)

Dependability examined through the audit trail (reliability) e.g. member checking.

Confirmability audit trail categories used e.g. raw data included, data analysis and reduction processes described, data reconstruction and synthesis including structuring of categories and themes, process notes included, instrument development information included

Adapted from Lincoln and Guba (1985)

For a further example of its application see Mavundla (2000).

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